rio de janeiro

[19] When Brazil was elevated to Kingdom in 1815, it became the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the return of the Portuguese Royal Family to Lisbon in 1821, but remained as capital of the Kingdom of Brazil. [41][42], There are, on the other hand, signs of decontamination in the lagoon made through a public-private partnership established in 2008 to ensure that the lagoon waters will eventually be suitable for bathing. Its design and execution was coordinated by Monsignor Ivo Antônio Calliari (1918–2005). [106] More than 1,500,000 people live in its 763 favelas, 22% of Rio's total population. The song is considered the civic anthem of Rio, and is always the favourite song during Rio's Carnival in February. Rio de Janeiro. Rio De Janeiro is one of the most exciting cities in the world and it has an amazing gay scene. People of Portuguese ancestry predominate in most of the state. The literacy rate for cariocas aged 10 and older is nearly 95 percent, well above the national average. [30], Plans for moving the nation's capital city from Rio de Janeiro to the centre of Brazil had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Últimas notícias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Baixada Fluminense e de todo o estado. Their main playgrounds are the beaches of Copacabana and Ipanema, names t… Rio de Janeiro has the following partner/friendship cities: Rio de Janeiro is a part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities. [163], On 2 October 2009, the International Olympic Committee selected Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. [130] The Rua Farme de Amoedo is located in Ipanema, a famous neighborhood in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The city has six major universities and 47 private schools of higher learning. The official song of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa", by composer André Filho. The second line runs from Botafogo, sharing ten stations with the first line, terminating at Pavuna in northern Rio. Comparing São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is complex and is can be simplified by categorizing São Paulo into the business hub and Rio into the laid-back, beach-life scene. It includes Barra da Tijuca, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Vargem Grande, Vargem Pequena, Grumari, Itanhangá, Camorim and Joá. London: Routledge, 2002. Located on the west coast of the Guanabara Bay, it serves the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. WCT/WQS surfing championships were contested on the beaches from 1985 to 2001. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several mostly French pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin.[15]. [186] However, it is only available during weekdays. The city hosted the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil. According to the people, the raise in the bus and subway fares are invalid, seeing that the amount charged is too high for the low quality of the services. Behague, Gerard. The urban planning of the area, completed in the late 1960s, mixes zones of single-family houses with residential skyscrapers. The tram station, known as Largo da Carioca terminal, is near Cinelândia and the Municipal Theatre. [66] The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 8.1 °C (46.6 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011.[68]. The Companhia Docas de Rio de Janeiro administers directly the Wharf of the Gamboa general cargo terminal; the wheat terminal with two warehouses capable of moving 300 tons of grains; General Load Terminal 2 with warehouses covering over 20 thousand square metres (215 thousand square feet); and the Wharves of Are Cristovao with terminals for wheat and liquid bulk. [82] The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male. [83], Different ethnic groups contributed to the formation of the population of Rio de Janeiro. They later made bids for the 2004 and 2012 Games, but failed to become a candidate city both times. [17] In the first decade, several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy, the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, as well as the National Library of Brazil – with the largest collection in Latin America[18] – and The Botanical Garden. Rio de Janeiro has the oldest operating electric tramway in Latin America,[187] now mainly used by tourists and less by daily commuters. The city is an ideal tropical vacation destination wrapped up in a rich culture and picture-perfect beaches. [136], Primary schools are largely under municipal administration, while the state plays a more significant role in the extensive network of secondary schools. Copacabana is also a great place to surf, as well as "Arpoador of Ipanema" beach and "Praia dos Bandeirantes". [52][53] The World Meteorological Organization has advised that Brazil, especially its southeastern region, must be prepared for increasingly severe weather occurrences in the near future, since events such as the catastrophic January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides are not an isolated phenomenon. According to the IBGE, it was approximately US$201 billion in 2008, equivalent to 5.1% of the national total. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe. [162], Rio de Janeiro was one of the host cities of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, for which on both occasions Brazil was the host nation. Since 1961, the Tijuca National Park (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), the largest city-surrounded urban forest and the second largest urban forest in the world, has been a National Park. [131], The Portuguese language is the official and national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. In 2003, over 91 thousand passengers moved through the Port of Rio Janeiro on 83 cruise vessels.[175]. It was satirized by the novelist Jorge Amado in Pen, Sword, Camisole. The main waves of internal migration came from people of African, mixed or older Portuguese (as descendants of early settlers) descent from Minas Gerais and people of Eastern European, Swiss, Italian, German, Portuguese and older Portuguese-Brazilian heritage from Espírito Santo in the early and mid-20th century, together with people with origins in Northeastern Brazil, in the mid-to-late and late 20th century, as well some in the early 21st century (the latter more directed to peripheries than the city's core). Morrison, Allen (November 2010; later updates). [179][180], SuperVia connects the city of Rio with other locations in Greater Rio de Janeiro with surface trains. On 20 January, 1567, a final defeat was imposed on the French forces and they were decisively expelled from Brazil for good. Rio de Janeiro, estado (state) of southeastern Brazil, bounded by the states of Espírito Santo (north), Minas Gerais (west), and São Paulo (southwest), while to the east lies the Atlantic Ocean. The third connects General Osório to Jardim Oceânico Station, in the Barra da Tijuca neighborhood, where the 2016 Olympic Games were held. In July 2007, Rio successfully organized and hosted the XV Pan American Games. Rio de Janeiro boasts dramatic views from nearly every angle. The trams are the first in the world to use a combination of ground-level power supply (APS) and on-board supercapacitor energy storage (SRS), in order to eliminate overhead lines along the entire route. Time Changes in Rio de Janeiro Over the Years. Though the most exclusive and interesting is probably the Rio Yacht club, where high society makes it a point to congregate. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu, ˈʁi.u d(ʑi) ʑɐˈne(j)ɾu], amtlich portugiesisch Município do Rio de Janeiro, ist nach São Paulo die zweitgrößte Stadt Brasiliens und Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen Bundesstaates.Sie liegt an der Guanabara-Bucht im Südosten des Landes. [102], Many Protestant creeds coexist in the city, Presbyterian, Congregational, Lutheran and Anglican Churches. As part of its preparations to host the 2007 Pan American Games, Rio built a new stadium, Estádio Olímpico João Havelange, to hold 45,000 people. In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of the Brazilian GDP. More sections reopened later in stages, following repair of additional sections of track. [82], In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. This region is also home to most of the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro such as Mangueira, Salgueiro, Império Serrano, Unidos da Tijuca, Imperatriz Leopoldinense, among others. The Guanabara Bay has lost mangrove areas and suffers from residues from domestic and industrial sewage, oils and heavy metals. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17 percent of national scientific output according to 2005 data. One of the most popular sea sports in the city is yachting. [27] Passos also named Dr. Oswaldo Cruz as Director General of Public Health. In 1910, Rio saw the Revolt of the Lash, where Afro-Brazilian crew members in the Brazilian Navy mutinied against the heavy use of corporal punishment, which was similar to the punishment slaves received. The decontamination actions involve the transfer of sludge to large craters present in the lagoon itself, and the creation of a new direct and underground connection with the sea, which will contribute to increase the daily water exchange between the two environments. Maracanã was the site for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and football competition of the 2007 Pan American Games; hosted the final match of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the Opening and Closing Ceremonies and the football matches of the 2016 Summer Olympics. [189] At this time the gauge was altered to 1,100 mm (3 ft 7.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 5⁄16 in), which remains the case today. Those games were awarded to Athens and London respectively.[165]. [120] The top three goods exported by the municipality were crude petroleum (40%), semi finished iron product (16%), and semi finished steel products (11%). Rio de Janeiro (/ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ, - deɪ -, - də -/; Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u d(ʒi) ʒɐˈne(j)ɾu] (listen);[4]), or simply Rio,[5] is the second-most populous city in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The largest urban forest in the world is the Floresta da Pedra Branca (White Rock Forest), which is located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Although cheap and frequent, Rio's transportation policy has been moving towards trains and subway in order to reduce surface congestion and increase carrier capacity. [127], The city boasts world-class hotels, like Belmond Copacabana Palace, approximately 80 kilometres of beaches and the famous Corcovado, Sugarloaf mountains and Maracanã Stadium. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone (Zona Norte, Rio de Janeiro [pt]), extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The most famous, Rio's granite mountain, the Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar), is an example, with routes from the easy third grade (American 5.4, French 3) to the extremely difficult ninth grade (5.13/8b), up to 280 metres (919 feet). Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil.It is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.Until April 21, 1960 it was the capital city of Brazil. [46][47][48], Drought is very rare, albeit bound to happen occasionally given the city's strongly seasonal tropical climate. Its installations have a collection of great historical and religious value: the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art and the Archdiocesan Archive. [31] Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília and a new Federal District built, at great cost, by 1960. As years passed, adorned floats and costumed revelers became a tradition among the celebrants. People can buy tickets for the Metro at train stations and can either buy single tickets or rechargeable cards. Carnaval, is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter. Hang gliding in Rio de Janeiro started in the mid-1970s and quickly proved to be well-suited for this town, because of its geography: steep mountains encounter the Atlantic Ocean, which provide excellent take-off locations and great landing zones on the beach. The phrase, fazer frio ("making cold", i.e. "[153], Brazil's return to democracy in 1985 allowed for a new music expression which promoted creativity and experimentation in expressive culture, in a wave of Rock'n'roll that swept the 80s. It is also the main key song of the bossa nova, a music genre born in Rio. [14] Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same In early May 2013, winds registering above 90 km/h (56 mph) caused blackouts in 15 neighborhoods of the city and three surrounding municipalities, and killed one person. Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city in Brazil, is often called Cidade Maravilhosa, the Marvelous City. This bicycle sharing system is sponsored by the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Banco Itaú. According to the 2000 Census, the city had 5,473,909 people, and an area of over 1,000 km 2.In 2008 Eduardo Paes became Mayor. The Santa Teresa Tram, bonde (tram), or bondinho (little tram), has been preserved both as a piece of history and as a quick, fun, and inexpensive way of getting to one of the most quirky parts of the city. From the terrace there is a panoramic view of the zone. [190] A ticket is R$20.00 (about US$3.75),[190] one way or return, and people pay as they pass through the barrier to the right of the entrance. Some areas within Rio de Janeiro state occasionally have falls of snow grains and ice pellets (popularly called granizo) and hail. The Biblioteca Nacional (National Library of Brazil) ranks as one of the largest libraries in the world. Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cruz's plans to clean the city of diseases included compulsory vaccination of the entire population and forced entry into houses to kill mosquitos and rats. In these unusual times during the Corona pandemic, we might be forgetting just how many interesting things and activities that exist in the world. [139], In Rio, there were 1,033 primary schools with 25,594 teachers and 667,788 students in 1995. The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded by the Portuguese on 1 March 1565 and was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, in honour of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the Portuguese then-monarch Sebastião. Tourism and entertainment are other key aspects of the city's economic life. High rise flats and sprawling shopping centers give the area a far more modern feel than the crowded city centre. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. Construction, also an important activity, provides a significant source of employment for large numbers of unskilled workers and is buoyed by the number of seasonal residents who build second homes in the Greater Rio de Janeiro area. It was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. [118], Owing to the proximity of Rio's port facilities, many of Brazil's export-import companies are headquartered in the city. [90] A large majority has some recent sub-Saharan ancestor. [188] It was designated a national historic monument in 1985.[189]:111. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and has a rapidly expanding population and rapidly growing area due to rapid urbanization. Rio has roads to all neighbour States. Rio is the first Brazilian and South American city to host the Summer Olympics. [196] Because of the organization of the 2016 Olympics the city is installing four BRT systems to link Barra da Tijuca with other major neighbourhoods: TransOlimpica (between Barra and Deodoro); TransBrasil (over the Avenida Brasil expressway); TransCarioca (between Barra and the Galeão International Airport); and TransOeste (between Barra and Santa Cruz, over Avenida das Américas). The building was designed by the French architect Christian de Portzamparc and construction was funded by the city of Rio de Janeiro. [150], The Real Gabinete Português de Leitura (Portuguese Royal Reading Library) is located at Rua Luís de Camões, in the Centro (Downtown). It offers views of the city second only to Corcovado mountain. Currently undergoing reconstruction, it now has the capacity for 90,000; it will eventually hold around 80,000 people. Rio de Janeiro has many Carnaval choices, including the famous samba school (Escolas de Samba)[159] parades in the sambadrome exhibition center and the popular blocos de carnaval, street revelry, which parade in almost every corner of the city. Here are some of the reasons why you should make Rio your next big adventure. [99][103], There are significant disparities between the rich and the poor in Rio de Janeiro, and different socioeconomic groups are largely segregated into different neighborhoods. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. [197], The Bike Rio began operations in October 2011. [59], Temperature also varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation or land use. ", The largest Brazilian cities – 2010 IBGE Census, "Portuguese descent in the city of Rio de janeiro and Brazil", Venâncio, R.P., "Presença portuguesa: de colonizadores a imigrantes", in, "Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians", "Consulado do Japão no Rio disponibiliza telefone para prestar informações sobre o país | Agencia Brasil", "Negros e pardos do Rio têm mais genes europeus do que imaginam, segundo estudo", "Association of genetic variants with self-assessed color categories in Brazilians", "2010 Population Census – Rio de Janeiro", "Brazil – Statistics by Diocese by Catholic Population", "Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro", "Fiéis participam de procissão em homenagem ao padroeiro do Rio", "FGV: desigualdade entre favela e asfalto cai no Rio", "Rio é a cidade com maior população em favelas do Brasil", "Complicit States and the Governing Strategy of Privilege Violence: When Weakness is Not the Problem", "Rio violence: Police killings reach record high in 2019", "Comparing Brazilian states with countries", "Economy Of Rio de Janeiro, need To Know Economy Of Rio de Janeiro, About Economy Of Rio de Janeiro", "Rio de Janeiro será a capital do petróleo entre os dias 13 e 16 de setembro – Agricultura |RuralBR", "Exports by Product for Rio de Janeiro (2014)", "International Trade by Section for Rio de Janeiro (2014)", "Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2011 – Top 50 cities: Cost of living ranking", "SP é a 10ª cidade mais cara do mundo para estrangeiros; RJ é a 12ª", "Rio de Janeiro lidera lista de hotéis mais caros do País", "Rio de Janeiro is the main tourist destination in the South Hemisphere", "G1 – Rio recebe quase 1 milhão de turistas homossexuais por ano, diz pesquisa – notícias em Rio de Janeiro", "International Schools in Rio de Janeiro", "As 18 melhores universidades do Brasil em 2015 - EXAME.com", "QS University Rankings: Latin America 2015", "Faculdades reconhecidas pelo MEC, Vestibular, Apostilas, Universitário, Profissão, Professor", "Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival", "Official website – National Library of Rio", "Um pedaço de Portugal no Rio de Janeiro – Opinião e Notícia", "The Top 10 Music Festivals in the World", "Rio de Janeiro to host 2016 Olympic Games", "Botafogo vai administrar estádio olímpico do Engenhão", "International Airport of Rio de Janeiro", "WPS – Port of Rio de Janeiro contact information", "Rio de Janeiro Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "O DIA Online – Linha 3 do metrô vai receber R$35 milhões da União", "Tarifa de ônibus no Rio aumenta de R$ 3,40 para R$ 3,80 neste sábado", "Novas tarifas de ônibus com ar condicionado e da integração ônibus-metrô", G1: Bombeiros confirmam cinco mortos em acidente com bonde no Rio, "Santa Teresa Tramway: Vehicles, 1875–present", "Bondinho de Santa Teresa passa por testes", "Prefeitura lança Bike Rio, novo sistema de aluguel de bicicletas da cidade", "Itaú patrocina programa de aluguel de bicicletas no Rio", "Rio + Internacional 2009–2012 / 2013–2016", "Rio-Beirut project to link up sister cities' initiatives", "Перелік міст, з якими Києвом підписані документи про поріднення, дружбу, співробітництво, партнерство", "Liverpool China Sister City Partnerships", "La Déclaration de Nice signée par la Ville de Rio de Janeiro", "Geminação entre cidades de Olhão e Rio de Janeiro vai avançar", "Samarkand and Gyeongju become sister cities", "Lei 1383/89 – Lei nº 1383 de 10 de maio de 1989", Rio de Janeiro Photo Gallery – Year of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea UNESCO property on google arts and culture, Category:Buildings and structures in Rio de Janeiro (city), Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, Category:Transport in Rio de Janeiro (city), Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport, Category:People from Rio de Janeiro (city), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rio_de_Janeiro&oldid=1015931630, Populated coastal places in Rio de Janeiro (state), 1565 establishments in the Portuguese Empire, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt), Articles with dead external links from May 2017, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from February 2016, Articles with dead external links from October 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with trivia sections from May 2019, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea. The illegal discharge of sewage and the consequent deaths of algae diminished the oxygenation of the waters, causing fish mortality. [33], The centre (Centro), the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. [157], "Rock in Rio" is a music festival conceived by entrepreneur Roberto Medina for the first time in 1985, and since its creation, recognized as the largest music festival in the Latin world and the largest in the world, with 1.5 million people attending the first event, 700,000 attending the second and fourth, about 1.2 million attending the third, and about 350,000 people attending each of the 3 Lisbon events. [112] The services sector comprises the largest portion of GDP (65.5%), followed by commerce (23.4%), industrial activities (11.1%) and agriculture (0.1%).[113][114]. Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper. Later, the Jacarepaguá circuit in Rio de Janeiro was the site for the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix from 1978 to 1989. People can also buy tickets for the Metro at buses that make connect places far from the Metro. [141], Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural role from the past. During the winter, cold fronts and dawn/morning sea breezes bring mild temperatures; cold fronts, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (in the form of winds from the Amazon Forest), the strongest sea-borne winds (often from an extratropical cyclone) and summer evapotranspiration bring showers or storms. The street and the nearby beach, famous tourist spots, are remarkable for their popularity in the LGBT community. Rio de Janeiro is the main setting of the 2011 film Rio and the secondary main setting of Rio 2, with the main setting of being the Amazon Rainforest.Its name literally means "River of January" in Portuguese. In Brazil, most interstate transportation is done by road. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. A number of colonial streets, such as Rua do Ouvidor and Uruguaiana, have long been pedestrian spaces, and the popular Saara shopping district has been pedestrianized more recently. Centro or Downtown is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. [154] Commercial and cultural imports from Europe and North America have often influenced Brazil's own cultural output. Brazilians with at least one Portuguese parent, Portuguese immigrants and their descendants, Rio de Janeiro appears in the driving game, Rio de Janeiro was featured in the racing game, Rio de Janeiro appears as a playable map in, Rio de Janeiro appears as a track in the arcade-exclusive racing game, This page was last edited on 4 April 2021, at 12:03. As a political centre of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire. [184] The system may be relatively safe by day but less so at night. Eventually this French settlement became too much of a threat to the established Portuguese colony and in 1560 the order was made to get rid of them. The line was restored to its full pre-2011 length of 6 km (4 mi) in January 2019.[195]. In 2004, the Port of Rio de Janeiro handled over seven million tons of cargo on almost 1700 vessels. Rio is unlike any other place in the world, with more natural beauty per square inch—and more flip-flops per capita—than any major city. With its plentiful beaches, dramatic mountains, and backdrop of samba and bossa nova rhythms, it's easy to fall in love with Rio de Janeiro. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony. [128], The fact that Brasília replaced Rio de Janeiro as the Brazilian capital in 1960 and that São Paulo replaced Rio as the country's commercial, financial and main cultural center during the mid-20th century, has also been cited as a leading cause of the decline. The beaches of Barra da Tijuca are also popular with the residents from other parts of the city. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020) in sheer numbers, but proportionally has fewer people living in favelas than Rio. Rio de Janeiro is home to the largest Portuguese population outside of Lisbon in Portugal. Formally known as "Cidade da Música" (City of Music), it was finally inaugurated at the beginning of 2013. Duration: 10 hours (approx.) Street cinemas and cultural buildings also appeared. The mutineers took control of the battleship Minas Geraes and threatened to fire on the city. The South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. [49][50][51], Roughly in the same suburbs (Nova Iguaçu and surrounding areas, including parts of Campo Grande and Bangu) that correspond to the location of the March 2012, February–March 2013 and January 2015 pseudo-hail (granizo) falls, there was a tornado-like phenomenon in January 2011, for the first time in the region's recorded history, causing structural damage and long-lasting blackouts, but no fatalities. [58] The average yearly precipitation is 1,069 mm (42.1 in). Sansone, Livio. Along the coast, the breeze, blowing onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Other institutes of higher learning include the Colégio Regina Coeli in Usina, notable for having its own 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge[138] funicular railway on its grounds. [94][95] Other studies showed similar results[93][96]. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro.

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